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LINGUISTICA PRAGENSIA 2020 (30) 2
Les NN français sont-ils des variantes des constructions N-PREP-N ? Étude de deux modèles concurrents basée sur corpus
ABSTRACT (en)
This study aims to provide a thorough empirical examination of the hypothesis that French subordinate Noun-Noun compounds (stylo-bille — ‘ballpoint pen’) are mere variants of corresponding phrasal lexemes or syntactic phrases with the structure Noun-Prep-(Det)-Noun (stylo à bille). On the basis of extensive corpus data from FrWac, it will be argued that the relationship and the competition between French NNs and NPNs differ with respect to different subtypes of NNs. On the one hand, attributive NNs cannot have NPN variants, and appositive NNs as well as NNs in which the N2 has a bound meaning have synonymous NPN variants only occasionally. On the other hand, for subordinate verbal-nexus NNs the NPNs represent stylistic variants which seem to be always available. The case of subordinate ground NNs proves to be more complex since, in this case, both patterns are in competition (Aronoff 2016); data discussed in this paper indicate that this competition is steered by phenomena of constructionalization. Since French NNs tend to be organized around paradigmatic families with repeated components, we have put forward the hypothesis that such paradigmatic regularity underpins a progressive formation of ‘niches’ in which new subordinate ground NNs win the competition with NPNs. Moreover, mechanisms of constructionalization even give rise to new subpatterns of subordinate ground NNs whose NPN variants are ungrammatical. The competition between French NNs and NPNs, also documented on diachronic data from Google n-grams, reflects a change in naming strategies in French, especially from the 1960s onwards.
ABSTRACT (fr)
Cet article vise à examiner empiriquement l’hypothèse selon laquelle les composés français de subordination du type Nom-Nom (stylo-bille) sont de simples variantes des synapsies ou des syntagmes nominaux correspondants avec la structure Nom-Prép-(Dét)-Nom (stylo à bille). En nous appuyant sur de nombreuses données extraites du corpus FrWac, nous défendons l’hypothèse selon laquelle la relation et la concurrence entre les NN et les NPN français diffèrent en fonction des sous-types de NN. D’une part, les NN attributifs ne peuvent pas avoir de variantes NPN, et les NN appositifs ainsi que les NN dans lesquels le N2 a un sens lié n’ont des variantes NPN synonymes qu’occasionnellement. En revanche, pour les NN subordonnés « verbal-nexus » les NPN représentent des variantes stylistiques qui semblent toujours disponibles. Le cas des NN subordonnés « ground » se révèle plus complexe puisque dans ce cas, les deux schémas sont en compétition (Aronoff 2016); les données discutées dans cet article indiquent que cette compétition est conditionnée par des phénomènes de constructionalisation. Étant donné que les NN français tendent à s’organiser autour de familles paradigmatiques à composantes répétées, nous avons avancé l’hypothèse qu’une telle régularité paradigmatique sous-tend une formation progressive de « niches » dans lesquelles de nouveaux NNs de subordination « ground » gagnent sur les NPN. De plus, les mécanismes de constructionalisation donnent même naissance à de nouveaux sous- jan radimský 157 patrons des NN pour lesquels les variantes NPN sont agrammaticales. Enfin, grâce aux données diachroniques de Google n-grams, il apparaît que la concurrence entre les NNs et les NPNs reflète un certain changement dans les stratégies de dénomination en français, notamment à partir des années 1960.
KEYWORDS (en)
competition, compounding, construction morphology, constructionalization, French, niche, phrasal lexeme, word formation
MOTS CLÉS (fr)
composé, concurrence, formation de mots, français, morphologie constructionnelle, niche, synapsie
DOI
https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2020.2.4
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